Applied Research Technologies Essay - 824 Words

Bus 491Z2 Week #2 Applied Research Technologies Stephanie Porter How has ART been able to foster innovation and an entrepreneurial environment in the context of a large corporate entity? To be able to foster an entrepreneurial environment in the context of a larger corporate, there should be three components that the leaders should address. For one of the components is culture. Culture awareness is huge to the economy. They should accept that failure is part of the process and the willingness to encourage and support entrepreneurs when their first idea doesn’t work well. Another component is infrastructure. This means moving beyond the notion to include the traditional and nontraditional leadership, social†¦show more content†¦They worked with the technologists and developed a small scale oxidation system that enabled waste water disinfection. They received a lot of support on this project and the technologists developed a design. This design was not big nor did it need an electrical source, it could transfer waste within a couple minutes. So Vyas, being a front line person, wanted to learn more. He learned that only 2.5% of the world water is fresh, with that being said, most of it is frozen. They also learned that water born diseases were making up the 80% of infections in the world and also cause death. Vyas decided that it was a good idea to pursue the project and convinced the VP to allow the three technologists working on it to become members of his technical team. He also asked Wagner to do a market assessment to show potential opportunities for this technology. Cynthia Jackson thought Vyas was a great manager. He recruited and retained good people in his unity and built them into teams that had motivation. He had shown himself to be a good advocate for his group’s ideas. She had made it clear to Vyas that they were in jeopardy if things were not turned around. The third attempt had six people on the team in the United States and India. He is effective because he lead his team. He didn’t give upShow MoreRelatedApplied Research Technologies Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: APPLIED RESEARCH â€Å"Applied Research Technologies, Inc.† Phyllis A. Clayton Professor: Dr. Hakim B. Allah Project Management Leadership BUS 518 July 21, 2012 â€Å"Applied Research Technologies, Inc.† 1. Determine the leadership style that Peter Vyas exhibited as he considered the group’s proposal and provide examples of his behavior. Of the four leadership styles, participative, consultative, delegative, and directive, discussed in Lewis’ book Project LeadershipRead MoreApplied Research Technology - Case Analysis936 Words   |  4 Pageswill be clearer. To convince the vice-president, Vyas should demonstrate how the additional investment could be useful to implement the project, for example: an increase of $ 2 million in advertising expenditures, will educate customers to the new technology and will help people understand how their lives will be simplified by RIMOS, with a consequent increase in demand. Cynthia Jackson, vice-president of ART’s Water Management Division, has to decide on the commercialization of the mini-oxidationRead MoreCase Study of Applied Research Technologies Incorporation3895 Words   |  16 PagesCase study of Applied Research Technologies Incorporation The case study is about the Applied Research Technologies Incorporation, which is an emerging corporation in the field of technology. Company has built up its strength from mergers and acquisitions in the year of 1980 and 1990. As a result, in the year of 2006, the ART portfolio consist of 60 business units having major divisions of Industrial automation, Health care, HVAC (Heating ventilation and air conditioning) and Water management DivisionRead MoreEssay about Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc1270 Words   |  6 PagesHeader: Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc. LEADERSHIP STYLE AT APPLIED RESEARCH TECHNOLOGIES, Inc JOHN SMITH Dr. VALERY SHUMATE BUS 518, ASSIGNMENT #1 STRAYER UNIVERSITY Header: Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc. 1. Determine the leadership style that Peter Vyas exhibited as he considered the group’s proposal and provide examples of his behavior. As a general manager of the Filtration Unit of Applied Research Technologies (ART), Peter Vyas noticesRead MoreStrategic goals: 1. Academic excellence 2. Focus on applied research 3. Workforce for 21st century2200 Words   |  9 PagesStrategic goals: 1. Academic excellence 2. Focus on applied research 3. Workforce for 21st century 4. Novel learning techniques 5. Nurture social and professional ethics in our students Strategic goals: 1. Academic excellence : †¢ Maintain cutting edge curriculum and create stimulating learning environment †¢ Quality curriculum and versatile study plans †¢ Recruitment and retaining highly qualified faculty †¢ Implementation of new academic interdisciplinary and cross disciplinary programs ActionsRead MoreManagement3506 Words   |  15 PagesSchool of Computing and Mathematics Faculty of BCL Request for Ethical Approval for Individual Study / Programme of Research by University Students Students conducting PG Independent Scholarship (PG IS), UG Applied Research Project (UG ARP), UG Maths Projects (UG MP) or Learning-through-Work (LTW) projects must complete this form and submit to their project supervisors for approval. After initial approval, project supervisors need to submit these forms to PG ISRead MoreConsumers Familiarity With Instagram As A Marketing Platform2064 Words   |  9 Pagescelebrity as an opinion leader †¢ Consumer’s product knowledge Introduction A shortfall acknowledged in Chapter Two found neglected aspects in research discussing a consumer’s perception to celebrities as product experts and to Instagram, as a social media marketing platform. Therefore, the study utilised the research objectives set, to discover new research into the overall attractiveness behind marketers using celebrity endorsements, in order to indicate whether they had any influence on participants’Read MoreApplied Research Technologies, Inc.: Global Innovation Challenge Case Study1133 Words   |  5 Pageswater issues. Their filtration unit has already experienced two failures in the launch of this product. Vyas, the business manager of this unit, is convinced that the unit can be turned around by innovativeness. He revives an abandoned oxidation technology and recommends his team to develop a small-scale oxidation system with the capacity of disinfecting waste-water in small batches. While the market analysis of the product proved promis ing, marketing the product was a tussle and it failed due toRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Development Of Heavy And Chemical Industries992 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the eight years between 1992 and the 21st century, the result of investment in research and development (RD) by governments and private companies will change the pattern of economic activity as radically as the development of heavy and chemical industries did between 1955 and 1970. A new industrial structure is emerging, one based on microelectronics, computers, telecommunications, automation, biotechnology, aerospace, engineering, new materials and on new forms of energy. Since World WarRead MoreThe Linear Model of Innovation1397 Words   |  6 Pagesscience (and technology) and economic development. According to www.wikipedia.org, the original model of three phases of the process of Technological Change is as shown in the figure below. Figure 1. Process of Technological Change The Linear Model of Innovation prioritizes scientific research as the basis of innovation, and plays down the role of later players in the innovation process. The model further postulates that innovation starts with Basic Research, followed by Applied Research, then Development

The Acceptance Of Blacks America s Birth With The...

The Acceptance of Blacks in White America From America s birth with the signing of the Declaration of Independence there have been few movements that have affected as many people as the Civil Rights movement. In a world where blacks were always seen as inferior, any other notion or conception of blacks was highly untolerated. Since Abraham Lincoln had freed the slaves in 1886, there had been no discernable change in the state of racial affairs in America. Not until Brown v. Board of Education ruled that schools should be integrated was anything done for help the plights of blacks. Even after Brown, the South met the changes with fierce and violent resistance. When CORE started their freedom rides, the activists were brutally beaten time and again by Southern whites opposed to change in their way of life. For many whites these were welcome changes that finally address the issue of racism and civil rights for all, but for the large population in the South the government telling them what to do did not sit well at all. These fe elings of unrest caused many reactions from whites and blacks alike, but for whites in America these changes would rest deeply for years to come. Blacks have struggled to gain acceptance since they first were encountered with the injustice and inequality that dwelled in our country. However, whites had so repeatedly cut them down that most blacks were so far beaten into submission that hope for a better life seemed gone. The South could not standShow MoreRelatedThe Book 1776 by David McCullough Essays1324 Words   |  6 Pagesa series of difficulties and wars. African Americans defined it as an escape from slavery, while immigrants defined it as their acceptance into a new society. More yet, women of the women’s suffrage defined their freedom as their recognition into society and for their rights to be equal to that of every other man. These different perceptions of cultures/groups in America tied together to form an American view of freedom. Freedom is something that every American should be willing to do anything inRead MoreEssay about The Civil Rights Movement 2130 Words   |  9 PagesMan-made constitutions once c reated a society based on hierarchy, separating black from white, Latino from Asian, and rich from poor. Through the significant decades of the 1940s-1960s, America laid the groundwork for civil rights, a movement through which minorities fought for equal opportunity. How could America call itself â€Å"land of the free† when only the white man could socially and economically move upward? For minorities, this represented an immobile society. Yet, equality elapsed over timeRead MoreAmerican Holidays11778 Words   |  48 Pagesits way. Many small tows in America celebrate Memorial Day in their own special way. In our town, we have a small fair with barbequed chicken, rides for the children and a special fireworks display. Memorial Day is also the traditional day for people to open up their swimming pools! Independence Day Independence Day (Fourth of July) is celebrated every year in the U.S. on July 4th. It commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The first Independence Day was celebrated in PhiladelphiaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape SamRead MoreCommercial Liens - a Potent Weapon Essay32374 Words   |  130 Pagesto the Common Law. Under Roman or Civil Law you are guilty until proven innocent and have only those rights your master the government chooses to grant you; and what your master giveth, he can take away. Under the Common Law as practiced in America, you are innocent until proven guilty and retain all rights not delegated to government. We are seeing more and more of this Roman class of laws in this country: if you are charged you are treated as being guilty until proven innocent. If thatRead MoreMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pagesresearch, the more effective and efficient you can be  in your research, the shorter the time it will take you and ultimately the less it will cost you. Manager’s role in research programs of  a company: Managing people is only a fraction of a manager s responsibility - they have to manage the operations of  the department,  and often  have responsibilities towards the  profitability  of  the organization. Knowledge of research can be very helpful  for a good manager. The manager, while managing people, productsRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages119 119 119 119 119 119 120 120 120 120 120 121 121 121 121 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 124 124 124 125 125 TABLE OF CONTENTS Family Ministries Committee ................................................... Family Ministries Leader(s) ..................................................... Women’s Ministries Department .................................................. Objectives ................................................................................. Women’s Ministries LeaderRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesAdvair expired during 2010, but various patents over the Diskus delivery device exist in the USA for a number of years up to 2016. The outlook for the timing and impact of entry of ‘follow-on’ competition is uncertain. GSK has not been notiï ¬ ed of any acceptance by the US FDA of an application for a ‘follow-on’ product that refers to Seretide/Advair and contains the same active ingredients (as would be expected to precede the introduction of such a product), and is not able to predict when this may occur

Shakespeare And His Plays Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare And His Plays Essay William Shakespeare was a supreme English poet and playwright,universally recognized as the greatest of all the dramatists. A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeares life is lacking;much supposition surrounds relatively few facts. His day of birth istraditionally held on April 23, and he was baptized on April 24, 1564. Hewas the third of eight children, and was the eldest son of JohnShakespeare. He was probably educated in a local grammar school. As theeldest son, Shakespeare would of taken over his fathers business, butaccording to one account, he became a butcher because of reverses in hisfathers financial situation. According to another account, he became aschool master. That Shakespeare was allowed considerable leisure time inhis youth is suggested by the fact that his plays show more knowledge ofhunting and hawking than do those of other dramatists. In 1582, he marriedAnne Hathaway. He is supposed to have left Stratford after he was caughtpoaching in a deer park. Shakespeare apparently arrived in London about 1588 and by 1592 hadattained success as a playwright. The publication of Venus and Adonis, TheRape of Lucrece and of his Sonnets established his reputation as a poet inthe Renaissance manner. Shakespeares modern reputation is based mainly onthe 38 plays he wrote, modified, or collaborated on. Shakespeares professional life in London was marked by a number offinancially advantageous arrangements that permitted him to share in theprofits of his acting company, the Chamberlains Men, and its two theaters,the Globe and the Blackfriars. His plays were given special presentationat the courts of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. After about 1608,Shakespeares dramatic production lessened and he spent more time inStratford. There he established a family in and imposing house, the NewPlace, and became a leading local citizen. He died on April 23, 1616, andwas buried in the Stratford church. Although the precise date of many of Shakespeares plays is in doubt,his dramatic career is divided into four periods: (1) the period up to1594, (2) the years from 1594 to 1600, (3) the years from 1600 to 1608, (4)the period after 1608. In all periods, the plots of his plays werefrequently drawn from chronicles, histories, or earlier fiction. Shakespeares first period was one of experimentation. His early playsare characterized to a degree of superficial construction and verse. Someof the plays from the first period my be no more than retouchings ofearlier works by others. Four plays dramatizing the English civil strifeof the 15th century are possibly Shakespeares earliest dramatic works. These plays, Henry VI, Parts I, II, III, and Richard III, deal with theevil results of weak leadership. Shakespeares comedies of the first periodrepresent a wide range. The Comedy of Errors depends on its appeal on themistakes in identity between two sets of twins involved in romance and war. The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and Loves LaboursLost are all comedies and satires. Next, Shakespeares second period includes his most important playsabout English history. The second period historical plays include RichardII, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V. These plays deal with Englishkings who lose their power to their successors. Outstanding among thecomedies of the second period is A Midsummer Nights Dream. It is fantasyfilled and is achieved by the interweaving of several plots involving twopairs noble lovers, a group of bumbling townspeople, and members of thefantasy realm. Another comedy is The Merchant of Venice which ischaracterized by friendship and romantic love. The witty comedy Much AdoAbout Nothing is marred by an insensitive treatment of its main character. .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .postImageUrl , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:hover , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:visited , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:active { border:0!important; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:active , .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169 .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51296985ec547e4d019c300f1b3a9169:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WW II EssayShakespeares most mature comedies, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, arecharacterized by a hilarious and kindly charm that depends upon theattraction of lovely heroines. The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedyabout middle-class life which contains a comic victim of the middle-class. One of the two tragedies of this period is Romeo and Juliet. It is famousfor its poetic treatment of youthful love, and dramatizes the fate of twolovers victimized by feuds of their elders. The other, Julius Caesar, is aserious tragedy of political rivalries. Shakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedy and his darkor bitter comedies. The tragedies of this period are the most profound ofhis works. Hamlet goes far beyond other tragedies of revenge in picturingthe mingled sordidness and glory of the human condition. Othello thegrowth of unjustified jealously in the protagonist. King Lear deals withthe consequences of the irresponsibility and misjudgment of an early rulerof Britain and his councillor. The tragic outcome is the result of theirgiving power to their evil offspring rather that their good offspring. Antony and Cleopatra with a different type of love, namely, the middle-agedpassion of the Roman general Mark Antony for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. In Macbeth, Shakespeare depicts the tragedy of a basically good man, wholed on by others, succumbs to ambition. In getting and retaining theScottish throne, Macbeth dulls his humanity to the point where he becomescapable of committing any enormity. Three other plays of this periodsuggest a bitterness lacking in these tragedies because the protagonists donot seem to possess greatness or tragic stature. In Troilus and CressidaThe gulf between the ideal and the real, both individually and politically,is evoked. In Coriolanus, the Roman hero is portrayed as unable to bringhimself either to woo the Roman masses or to crush them by force. Timon ofAthens is a similarly bitter play about a character reduced to nothing byingratification. The two comedies of this period are also dark in mood. Of these, Alls Well That Ends Well is less significant that Measure forMeasure which suggests a picture f morality in Christian terms. Finally, the fourth period of Shakespeares work comprises hisprinciples tragedies. Toward the end of his career, Shakespeare createdseveral plays suggestive of a mood of final resignation in the human lot. These plays differ greatly than his other comedies, but ending happily witha reunion or final reconciliation. The romantic tragicomedy Pericles,Prince of Tyre concerns the characters painful loss of his wife and thepersecution of his daughter. After many adventures, Pericles is reunitedwith his loved ones. In Cymbeline and The Winters Tale, domesticcomplication are resolved by restoring loved ones. The most successfulproduct of his creativity is his last complete play, The Tempest, in whichthe resolution suggests the beneficial effects of the union of wisdom andpower. Two final plays include a historical drama, Henry VIII, and The TwoNoble Kinsmen, a story of two noble friends for one woman. Hence, from a poor family, Shakespeare emerged as a great playwright. The odds were against him, but he rose to the occasion and wrote over 38plays which made him famous throughout the world. He is still consideredto be the best playwright that ever lived.

Should Smoking Tobacco Be Classified As an Illegal Drug

Introduction As per the World Health Organization approximations, there exist more than one billion smokers globally. As a result of these, and the financial and political supremacy enjoyed by most tobacco manufacturing companies, in almost all global societies, tobacco is one of the legal substances that are widely used.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Smoking Tobacco Be Classified As an Illegal Drug? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In America alone, as research studies show, one in five Americans is a smoker, a figure which adds up to more than 40 million smokers (Hendrick 1-2). As a result of these, smoking-related illnesses account for more than four hundred and forty six thousand deaths annually. Further, annually the government spends millions of dollars to cater for the health needs of individuals suffering from tobacco related diseases. Although this is the case, the tobacco industry is one of the most profitable industries, a fact that has made it very hard for the government to illegalize the use of tobacco products (Maugh 1). Therefore, although tobacco smoking is a practice that is legal and supported by a section of the community, there have been numerous calls to illegalize the practice, because of the different views and values that are held by most antagonists of the practice. Views and Values Held By Antagonist of Tobacco Smoking Although tobacco smoking is a legalized practice, there have been numerous calls by antagonist of this practice for the need to illegalize the practice. One of the factors cited by most antagonist of the practice is that, tobacco is one of the most harmful substances that have remained legal for a very long time. Annually, numerous deaths caused by tobacco smoking related illnesses occur in America, a fact that the government seems to ignore. As research studies show, tobacco smoking is one of the deadliest practices, which accounts for mor e than forty percent of the total number of hospital illnesses. This has made the government to spend billions of dollars to cater for the needs of these patients; something which supporters of the illegalization campaign believe can be avoided if the government illegalizes smoking. Another reason which supporters of the illegalization campaign put forward is that, as compared to illegalized substances such are marijuana, cigarettes contain nicotine one of the most addictive substances, which most individuals take without knowing its dangerous effects.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to these groups, it is very unethical for cigarette manufacturing industries to advertise their products to the public while ignoring to tell them, the dangers associated with tobacco. As per most health research findings, most individuals more so children and smokers live in environments , which are not protected from the effects of tobacco smoking, because of the inadequacies of the regulations managing tobacco smoking. Therefore, as per them, there is need for communities to speak in one voice and protect future generations from the harmful effects of tobacco smoking by forcing the government to illegalize the practice (O’Dowd 1). Views and Values Held By Supports of Tobacco Smoking Contrary to the views held by most antagonist of the legality of cigarette smoking practice, most supporters of this practice believe that, every individual has the right of deciding what is best for their bodies. In addition, majority of the supporters of this practice strongly believe that, illegalizing the practice may worsen the situation, because it will lead to opening of black markets and springing up of criminal organizations. In addition, supporters of this practice hold a notion that, illegalizing tobacco will be one of the taxing ventures that a government can indulge itself in, this will mean that the government has to be ready to spend more money on its criminal justice system and police departments. In addition, these individual believe that, by illegalizing tobacco smoking the government has to ready to lose the millions of dollars, which it earns annually from the tobacco industry. Further, this will mean that it has to be ready to provide the enormous numbers of individuals who are likely to lose their jobs. This is not practical considering the current unemployment status of the country; hence, illegalizing tobacco smoking, will be show of the not caring for its citizenry, a value that is cherished by those who oppose the illegalization campaigns (Nadelmann 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Smoking Tobacco Be Classified As an Illegal Drug? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Considering the numerous value and views held by individuals who support toba cco smoking and those who strongly oppose the practice, it is important for the government to leave the discretion of whether to smoke or not to individuals. However, to ensure that individuals are making right decisions, it is import for tobacco industries in collaboration with the government to provide the public with enough information on the positive and negative effects of tobacco smoking. Works Cited Hendrick, Bill. Smoking rate is declining inn U.S. Web Med News. 2008. Web. Maugh, Thomas. U.S. smoking rate hasn’t changed, CDC says. Los Angels Times. 2010. Web. Nadelmann, Ethan. Keep cigarettes legal. Huffington Post. 2006. Web. O’Dowd, Adrian. Tobacco and alcohol should be classed as dangerous drugs. BMJ Online Journal. 2011. Web. This essay on Should Smoking Tobacco Be Classified As an Illegal Drug? was written and submitted by user Trevon B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Policy Issues Paper free essay sample

Violence in any form can have a lasting effect on a person. Children who witness violence are permanently scarred because of what they are seeing. Children who witness family or domestic violence are affected in ways similar to children who are physically abused. Children are often unable to establish nurturing bonds with either parent and are at a greater risk for abuse and neglect if he or she lives in a violent home. Statistics show that an estimated 3. 3 million children are exposed to violence against their mothers or female caretakers by family members in their home each year (Ackerman Pickering, 1989). When a spouse, woman or male is abused, and there are children at home, the children will be affected by the abuse. This paper will refer to the video, â€Å"Child Exposure to Domestic Violence. † â€Å"Child Exposure to Domestic Violence† is a video about personal crime that looks at how children react to witnessing domestic violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Issues Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The children in the video have witnessed their father physically abusing their mother and have heard his or her father making death threats toward his or her mother. The video starts off referring to the children of O.  J. and Nicole Brown-Simpson. Nicole was a victim of domestic violence and was found murdered with her boyfriend. O. J. was found not guilty of her murder but was found guilty in her civil lawsuit. The video asks what the children saw or heard, if anything. Studies show that child abuse occurs in nearly 30 to 60% of family violence cases that involve families with children. 6,000 American families were surveyed, and it was found that 50% of men who assault their wives, also abuse his children. Research shows that 80 to 90% of children living in homes where there is domestic violence are aware of the violence (American Psychological Association, Violence and the Family: Report of the APA Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family, 1996). The causal factors addressed in the video were of a man who went to his ex-girlfriend’s residence and attempted to break in by climbing into a window. Out of fear she contacted police and had him arrested for violating the order of protection she had placed on him. In the video, the three year-old son was standing in the doorway and witnessed his father getting arrested. The little boy time and time again has witnessed his parents arguing and fighting. The police have been to their house more than 20 times and his father served six months in jail for domestic violence. Children react to their environment in different ways, and those reactions can vary, depending on the childs gender and age. Children exposed to family violence are more likely to develop behavioral, emotional, psychological, and social problems than those who are not. Recent research indicates that children who witness domestic violence show anger and temperament problems, depression, low self-esteem, and more anxiety than children who do not witness violence in the home. The trauma they experience can show up in behavioral, physical, social, and emotional disturbances that affect their development and can continue into adulthood. No financial issues were discussed in the video. However, the financial issues that can be associated are a loss of a two person income in the family. When one family member goes away who may be the primary breadwinner of the family, the household becomes the responsibility of the mother which in-turn can cause a financial strain. Another financial issue can be legal fees and court costs. The father served six months in jail for domestic violence and was led away in handcuffs for violating the restraining order. He will have to obtain a lawyer and pay restitution to the court or his ex-girlfriend. The father also can be responsible for child support and may lose his employment because of his legal troubles. The basis for this selected video was as a result of having the experience a child who was raised in household that witnessed my father abusing my mother. Also witnessed my siblings experiencing the same type of abuse from their significant others. Was not raised in a two parent household, was raised only by my mother who struggled to heal from her scars of being abused for many years. I can relate to the video by knowing what the children were feeling at the time, the fear, shock, and hurt that I witnessed growing up. From the criminal aspect, this video shows the Actus Reus, the criminal act of being caught at the scene attempting to gain entry into his ex-girlfriends residence. Domestic violence is represented by a negative reaction. Men hit and abuse other family members because of control and because they have feelings of shame and humiliation which leads to feelings of anger, hostility and rage. Pathological or emotional conflict in the forms of aggression and violence occur, whether an individual has unacknowledged humiliation, dissociation, or depression and is transformed into reactive rage and anger.

Free Online Public Schools for Florida Students K-12

Free Online Public Schools for Florida Students K-12 Florida offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Florida. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Florida Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Florida Connections AcademyFlorida Virtual School Florida Cyber Charter Academy About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. Choosing a Florida Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see how to choose an online high school.

What kind of coping mechanisms employees use under pressure at their Essay

What kind of coping mechanisms employees use under pressure at their job - Essay Example Slovik (2009) said that no one lives without experiencing stress. A study conducted revealed that 70 to 90 percent of the respondents experience stress at the workplace (Stress 2007). It cannot be eliminated since the workers are human beings who are affected by social and environmental factors. An individual might misinterpret another’s action causing emotional stress. It may come from a superior, the customer or even from a subordinate who does not perform according to the corporate standards. Domestic and personal problems can be brought at the workplace that make the worker easily susceptible to stress. Even the physical environment can be a source of stress. Extreme stress, however, is detrimental upon the body, personal relationship and happy life (Slowik 2009). Thus, with the inevitability of stress, the organization has to devise means to meet the problems of stress at the workplace. Even the most efficient worker under stress will perform unsatisfactorily. Poor performance will affect productivity and profitability of the company. Indeed, stress is a serious matter in any organization to take into consideration in its rules and policies. The company has to formulate policies and create a unit that would handle and manage workplace stress and stress-related scenarios. The organisation must also engage a professional with expertise on the subject that would train and inculcate upon the managerial staff on the proper way to manage stress among employees in order not to disrupt the company production and work flow. Stress can result from the demand of the tasks, the demand of the role and the structure of the organization (Khan, Raza, & Ali 2007). It refers to a person’s response to â€Å"stressors in the environment (Khan et al. 2007, p. 2). Selye (1976, cited in Khan et al. 2007) referred to it in the General Adaptation Theory as a response involving biological and physiological aspects. It also refers to

The Travels of a T-Shirt - Government Subsidies Essay

The Travels of a T-Shirt - Government Subsidies - Essay Example In agreement with government subsidies, this form of government intervention reduces the cost of production and encourages the producers to increase output. Government intervention/producer subsidies are of various forms. An example is state subsidies. State subsidies are financed from general taxation or by borrowing (Schuster, 2006). Government subsidies cause various productive firm’s supply curve to shift to the right. The amount spent on subsidy by the government is equivalent to the subsidy per unit multiplied by total output (Day & Schoemaker, 2005). A direct subsidy commonly offered by a government to supplement consumer’s demands has the effect of boosting demand. This results in an outward shift of demand. Examples of subsidies include an input subsidy, bails, fiscal assistance (loans and grants), government grants to cover losses made by business and a guaranteed on the factor cost of a product. Subsidies make sense in various demand and supply situations of the economy. The travels of T-shirt in Global Economy represents some of the scenarios in which subsidies may play a crucial role in the examination of market forces, power and politics of world trade (Rivoli, 2015). The overall international trade topic is a very crucial topic to discuss in the abstract though when this topic is focused on a single product, it is easy to be dealt with (World Bank Group, 2011). Subsidies in the international trade in most cases dwell with specific products. Only in extreme cases in the world economy do subsidies deal with conglomerate products. Through the story of travels of T-shirt, globalization advocacy is portrayed critically as the major issue behind international trade and individual country’s economy development (Prono, 2006). The competitive economic markets and increased living standards at the expense of the maximum and minimum wage bills among different

The role that agents of socialization play in shaping an individuals Essay

The role that agents of socialization play in shaping an individuals political culture - Essay Example In fact, journalism has the capability to challenge the political arrogance displays and acts as a potential channel to display the voices of political situations in a particular region. The news media conveys messages, meanings and symbols to the wider society and political news can actually affect the image of a politician or a political party in general (Schudson, 2002). Education system also has a role in forming the political culture of an individual. People learn through the various books, theories and history the political culture and heritage enjoyed in the country. Also civics and law gives a lot of insight about the political structures and systems prevalent and the constitutional rights enjoyed by a particular nation thereby helping an individual to form an opinion (Zechenter, 1997). Other than these, religion and the workplace of an individual are important components shaping the political culture of an individual. Religion is especially a dominant force in forming political culture. Also the workplace of an individual helps him to get information and form opinions about political culture. If the individual meets people from different regions coming from varied cultures, values, beliefs and religions then he may have more knowledge about the cultures and opinions of other individuals. However, according to me the education systems and the media portrayal of the issues taking place have helped in forming a political culture. The history and civics subject helps us to know more about the political systems in the country and the media including newspaper, television and radio have helped in forming my personal opinion about the political culture. Another important factor which helped to shape my political culture is my parents, peers and relatives. Discussions and debates help in knowing more information thereby helping in forming an opinion about the political culture. To conclude, a culmination of

Effects of Language on a Specific Region

Effects of Language on a Specific Region Crystal Mullen ASSIGNMENT: Select a specific region that interests you, such as South America, Central America, Asia, etc., and research, as well as evaluate, the power of language in creating the idea of a region. Is language a self-sufficient and complete geographical model? Write a 1-2 page paper explaining your findings. Please be sure to substantiate your opinions with examples, as well as cite your resources using APA format. in length. Professor Sandve’s Explanation: 1) Define a region. What is a region? 2) Evaluate the power of language. Can you define a regions society, traditions, norms, climate, topography, etc. by evaluating the language? 3) Is language a self-sufficient and complete geographical model? What is a geographical model? If language is the only characteristic youre evaluating, can you fully define the region? I believe a region means something different to different people or industries. Before taking this class, I thought a region was that part of the basement or that portion of an attic that scary movies warned us to avoid. The Merriam-Webster dictionary had a different view: â€Å"Region: a part of a country, of the world, etc., that is different or separate from other parts in some way (Merriam-Webster.com, 2014)† This definition appears to speak more to the topic of geography because we are now discussing spatial locations that offer distinct characteristics that are found in that found in that location. However, I need to know what a region is from a geographer’s point of view. â€Å"Region: in geography, an area of the earth that displays distinctive grouping of physical or cultural phenomena or is functionally united as a single organizational unit (Getis, Bjelland, Getis, 2014).† This definition best describes geography in the for this assignment because it encourages me to pick an area of the world that I find interesting because of how various physical or cultural features are joined into one spatial location. One region that I that does interest me is Africa. Africa is the second largest continent in the world; as well as the world’s second most-populous continent. Within its borders one will find 54 countries that are share the home for the continent’s many mountains, rivers, valleys and deserts. First of all, the Atlas Mountains run from the southwestern portion of Morocco along the coastline of the Mediterranean, all the way to Tunisia’s eastern edge. Also, the Great Rift Valley is the continent’s ground form of depression. Here is found a series of geological faults at are approximately 4,000 miles in length. The extent of the Great Rift Valley extends from the Red Sea region near Jordan, to the country of Mozambique. Furthermore, Africa is home to the Congo River Basin which dominates the landscape of central Africa’s Democratic Republic of the Congo. Finally though certainly not I would be remiss to speak of Africa without speaking of the Sahara Desert. The Sahara Desert cover close those a third o f Africa’s surface. It is the world’s largest desert in the world at approximately 3,500,000 square miles in total size (World Atlas, 2014). Based on this the geographical information, I would be surprised to learn if there is a cohesion of language within the continent to unify the continent of Africa. The range of traditions and customs in Africa are as diverse as Africa’s geography. For example, when it comes to meal time, the men eat before the women. Children remain silent while adult meal conversation is in progress. Also, hospitality is very important to the country of Africa. When they welcome their guests, they wash their hands, clap, and offer their best meats as a symbol of graciousness. Furthermore, when it comes to courtship, it appears that it is the girl who initiates the process. She will send a multi-colored beaded bracelet to the boy of her choice. Each bead represents a secret meaning and once the courtship process is over the secret behind the beads are revealed. Finally, though certainly exhaustively, it is customary during an African wedding that the bride wears a wedding dress that reflects her culture’s traditions and heritage. Also, the bride and groom are often tied at the wrists with either cloth or braided grass as a symbol of their newly cr eated union (Drake, 2014). When I read these customs, I feel as if it is possible for language to be a complete self-sufficient model of its people because their customs appear to transcend their multi-faceted geography, The aspect about Africa is their massive diversity of languages and dialects. While no one appears to know for absolute certainty, the best estimate of the number of languages and dialects spoken in Africa are around 2,000. One group of African languages are known as the Afro-Asiatic language group of languages. The 400 languages under this umbrella is generally heard spoken in North, East, and Southwest Africa. Some examples of these languages include Aramaic, Amharic, Arabic, Hausa, Hebrew, and Tigrinya. Another family of languages heard spoken in Africa is the Khoisan, or language. This happens a language that may be dying out, it is currently spoken in Angola, Botswana, and Namibia. This is the family of fifty different languages that use mainly clicking or tonal sounds to communicate. Finally though certainly not exhaustively the language family that holds the greatest number of languages is the Niger-Congo language family. Under this umbrella of languages one will find almost 4 00 languages that are spoken by over 500 million people. Common languages that fall within this family include Igbo, Swahili, Yoruba, and Zulu (wiseGEEK, 2014). I find it fascinating that there are countless languages for a person in Africa to express the frustration of the desert sand, being insulted by a dinner guest or vowing his or her life to a new spouse. I find myself conflicted when I consider if language is a complete, self-sufficient geographical model of the region of Africa. On the one hand, because there are over 2,000 languages, spoken in Africa, I would say that each language and dialect is a perfect representation of the country, or portion of that country within Africa. If language were my only representation I was evaluating, I could easily define that particular region. On the other hand, because there are over 2,000 languages, spoken in Africa, I would say that each language and dialect creates the perfect storm for confusion for Africa as a whole. I don’t see how I could identify Africa as a continent because the continent cannot unite behind one or two languages. In this scenario, if language were my only representation I was evaluating, I would greatly struggle to define the continent because millions of African citizens would not be representing in my definition. Therefore, I find that the African languages bo th reflect and confuses the geographic model found in the continent of Africa. References Drake, F. (2014). African Customs. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/info_8582146_african-customs.html Getis, A., Bjelland, M., Getis, V. (2014, January 7). Glossary. In A. Getis, M. Bjelland, V. Getis, Introduction to Geography (pp. G-9). New York: McGraw Hill. Retrieved from Balanced Politics: http://www.balancedpolitics.org/affirmative_action.htm Merriam-Webster.com. (2014). Definiton of Region. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from Merriam-Webster.com: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/region wiseGEEK. (2014). How Many Languages are Spoken in Africa? Retrieved January 26, 2014, from wiseGEEK: http://www.wisegeek.org/how-many-languages-are-spoken-in-africa.htm World Atlas. (2014). Africa Map. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from World Atlas: http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/af.htm World Atlas. (2014). Geography Africa. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from World Atlas: http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/afland.htm

Truman Capotes In Cold Blood :: In Cold Blood Essays

Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. New York: Random House, 1965. 343 pages. Summary. In Cold Blood is the true story of a multiple murder that rocked the small town of Holcomb, Kansas and neighboring communities in 1959. It begins by introducing the reader to an ideal, all-American family, the Clutters -- Herb (the father), Bonnie (the mother), Nancy (the teenage daughter), and Kenyon (the teenage son). The Clutters were prominent members of their community who gained admiration and respect for their neighborly demeanors. After being introduced to the Clutter family, the reader becomes acquainted with Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. The two were former inmates who met in prison. After their release, the men meet up for what Dick calls Aa perfect score.@ As it turns out, Dick=s cell mate had worked for the Clutters some years earlier and suggested to Dick that he check into employment at the Clutters= farm because the Clutters were such friendly, kindhearted people. The more Dick learned about the Clutters, the more he considered seeking fast cash as opposed to employment. During the trial in the last chapter of the book, however, Dick admitted that his sexual interest in teenage girls was the most powerful force in his decision to invade the Clutters= home. (Perry stopped him from harming Nancy.) Finally, the killers were identified by Dick=s former cell mate and tracked down in Las Vegas. In the time leading up to their arrest, the reader is offered greater insight into the characters of the two men. Because Perry opposed Dick=s crude behavior and showed compassion for the people Dick intended to harm or slight, we are left to feel a bit of sympathy for him. It becomes tempting to see Dick as the manipulative leader and Perry as the helpless follower. After the suspects were taken into custody, Perry eventually confessed that he had killed Herb, Bonnie, Nancy, and Kenyon -- tied each of them up, made sure they were comfortable, then shot each of them in the head with a shotgun. In addition, it was Perry who cut Herb=s throat. Though Dick didn=t actually pull the trigger or hold the knife, he shined the flashlight into the faces of the victims as Perry killed them. Both men were found guilty of 4 counts of premeditated murder, and each was sentenced to death. While awaiting their executions, they appealed several times, losing each time, but managing to have their execution dates postponed.

Speech to the new intake informing them of our expectations: The SS

am here today to tell you about Germanys greatest people, The SS. The SS belongs to Germany and every single one of you here should be very proud to be part of it. The SS is very important. It is led by extremely powerful leaders and if you are in the SS you have to be determined. There is no time for fun and games. Most of you in here are the Arian race (blond hair, blue eyes, tall and thin) which is what we want in Germany although if you are not, there is no need to worry because we have investigated your back round and you have no Jewish connections. I am going to start off today by talking about the appearance of the SS. The kinds of people we look for in the SS are no normal people. We are looking for amazingly fit human beings. People that are strong minded and people who could go through any think. The idea for the SS is blond hair, blue eyes, tall and thin. Although as I have already mentioned if you do not exactly fit into this category do not worry. One thing is certain though; we do not want any Jewish blood in you people. Jews are the people trying to destroy Germany so we need to stop them. I am now going to briefly talk to you about Germany glorious history from 1925. The SS was created in 1925. Its full name is the ‘Schutzstaffel', which means protection squad. We created the SS to provide protection for Hitler and other Nazi leaders. In the mid twenties the SS was not very important, it only had a few hundred members and was run by SA. When the SS got a new leader in 1929 things changed. Heninrich Himmer was the new leader, he cam from a well-off middle class family. He joined Nazis in 1923 after service in Army and Free Corps. In the 1929 he was 29 years old. Himmer was very ambitious when he took over the SS. In 1930 the SS and SA was separated. The SS continued to provide Hitler with protection. They were also given black uniforms to show their independence. They looked out for people being disloyal to Hitler. As this time went on the SS started to grow and carry out more functions. In 1932 the SS began to develop army-style units. When Nazis came to power in 1933 Himmler set out to bring all of German's police forces under SS control. There was some completion, which was getting in Himmlers way though. Opposition was not good and we had to get rid of it. For example Gustav von Kahr who betrayed Hitler in the Putsch in 1923 was murdered. Another murder squad went to the house of General Kurt Schliecher, a former chancellor, who had said things against Hitler. He was shot dead along with his wife. The most extensive and successful slaughter we had was the night of the long knives (30th June/1st July 1934). Many were killed on this night including several storm troopers. The leader Ernst Rohm was also killed. Another 400 were killed. This may seem like we took it to far but the Storm troopers were mostly thugs and greedy. They dreamed of seizing the money, businesses and properly of wealthy Germans and the land of the aristocratic Junker class. I am now going to move on to tell you about our main departments. We have many departments amongst us. Ill start off by telling you about the Gestapo. Hermann Georing controls the Gestapo. He was head of the big state of Prussia. The Gestapo was a secret police force. The Gestapo was established on April 26, 1933, in Prussia, from the existing organization of the Prussian Secret Police. The Gestapo was first simply a branch of the Prussian Police. The role of the Gestapo was to investigate and combat â€Å"all tendencies dangerous to the State.† It had the authority to investigate treason, espionage and sabotage cases, and cases of criminal attacks on the Nazi Party and on Germany. Another department is the ‘Death's Heads Units' which were set up to guard camps. These units treated prisoners in a barbaric fasion. Speical SS units called ‘Einsatzgruppen' were set up to deal with the resistance to Nazi rule in German-occupied counties. They deal with anyone who looks like a threat. Mostly the worst people like priests, polictal leaders and Jews are killed. The Waffen SS gew out of Hitler's SS bodygurad. The amount of people rose to half a million. The Waffen SS fough alonside ordinary Germans. It had a reputaion for being ruthless and burtal. I am now going to tell you about the aims of concentration camps. Concentration Camps were set up in Germany by Hermann Goering and Heinrich Himmler in 1933. The aim of these camps were to get rid of people who were ruining Germany and doing no good to the country. Most prisionors are Christains, Gypsies, homosexuals and Jews. These camps are good and teach people abit of law and order. If people disabay the rules of the camps there are consequences. The camps were a final solution I am going to finish off by telling you about role models. Reinhard Heydrich and myself should be role models. Reinhard Heydrich was a former naval officer who joined the SS in 1932, after his dismissal from the navy. He headed the SS Security Service, a Nazi party intelligence agency. In 1933-1934, he became head of the political police. You should look up to this man. I am the leader of this training school I so I expect respect from everyone here and then we will get on fine. I hope this speech has helped you understand a bit more than you originally knew about the SS.

Critical Analysis of Mass Spectrometry The WritePass Journal

Critical Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Introduction Critical Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Introduction1. Background:2. Methods of Ionization:3. Mass Analysers:4. The Mass Spectra:5. Mass Spectrometry in Synergy with other Techniques:6. Advances in Mass Spectrometry Instruments and their Limitations:7. The Future of Mass Spectrometry:References:Related Introduction 1. Background: The analytical technique that I have chosen to give an in-depth analysis of is Mass Spectrometry (MS) This analytical technique is basically the study of ionised molecules in the gaseous phase; its main use is in the determination of the molecular weight of the molecule in the sample under investigation by accelerating ions in a vacuum environment. While this analytical technique has been around for over one hundred years there are significant advances being made to this technique in order to cater for more adverse samples which will be discussed in more detail later on. The main difference between mass spectrometry and other spectroscopy methods such as NMR is that it not dependant on transitions between energy states which may be responsible for its popularity. The diagram shown below (Figure 1.1.) [1] shows a simple diagram of a common mass spectrometer using electron ionization:    Figure 1.1 represents a schematic diagram of an electron ionization-mass spectrometer showing the various processes involved. Courtesy of www.molecularstation.com. In its simplest form the process of determining the molecular weight of the sample typically occur over four main stages which are: Sample volatilisation, Ionisation, Separation and detection. Sample volatilisation: The sample to be analysed if gaseous or volatile can be readily inserted into the mass spectrometer with the more solid samples requiring heating before insertation in order to construct a more volatile or gaseous sample. As can be seen form the above figure the sample is then moved further down the spectrometer towards the area where ionization of the molecules occurs.   Ionization: The sample is then hit with a barrage of high energy electrons from an electron gun with a charge of around 70 electron volts (eV). When the molecules collide with the high energy electron beam energy is transferred from the beam to the molecules which cause an acceleration of the molecules. These molecules may then dump an electron forming cation known as the molecular ion (M+) [2]. This interchange is represented in the equation below (Figure 1.2.): M  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M+  Ã‚  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚   2e   Moleccular Ion This electron barrage usually results in most of the molecular ions fragmenting causing some of the fragments to not gain any charge and remain neutral and have no further part to play. The main purpose of ionisation is to donate a charge to the sample in order for the molecules to break up and become charged. The ionization method discussed here is electron ionisation however there are many other more methods of ionization which will be discussed in detail later on in my analysis. Separation: This beam of newly charged molecular ions then proceed through a mass analyzer which in this case is a very strong controllable magnetic field which separates the charged molecules according to their mass to charge ratio (m/z) causing some of the molecules which are â€Å"too heavy† or â€Å"too light† to be thrown towards the top or bottom of the spectrometer and hence avoid detection. By varying the magnetic field, ions with different m/z values can be detected. Just like there are many different ionization methods for different applications there are also several types of mass analyzers which will also be discussed later. A fundamental consideration in mass spectrometry at this point is mass resolution, defined as R = M/∆M. where R is the resolution, M is the mass of particle and ∆M is the mass difference compared to adjacent peak with overlap at 10% of peak height. Nowadays a magnetic sector analyzer can have R values of 2000-7000 depending on the instrument [3]. Detection: the final stage in the process is comprised of a detector which then amplifies and records the mass of the ions according to their m/z values. The detector may be set up for detection of molecular ions possessing different mass to charge ratios. The Molecular ions each have a mass that is almost identical to the mass of the molecule (M) and due to the fact that the charges on most of the molecules are usually 1, the value of m/z obtained for each of the ions is simply its mass. The data collected by the detector is fed to a recorder and is presented in the form of a plot of the numbers of ions versus their m/z values [3]. An example of this type of plot is shown below in figure 1.3. [4]: Figure 1.3: A typical graph produced for a sample using mass spectrometry. Picture courtesy of www.research.uky.edu. 2. Methods of Ionization: Electron Ionization (EI): as described above is the simplest method for converting the sample to ions and this method is found on the most common mass spectrometers. Many other simple and complex ionization methods exist for analyzing various samples. Some of these methods include: Chemical Ionization (CI): This is a softer ionization method than EI, causing less fragmentation of the sample under investigation and hence it is mainly used for more sensitive compounds such as 2, 2-dimethylpropane for example which is prone to fragment with little stress. This decrease in fragmentation is due to the ions arising from a chemical reaction rather than bombardment and hence possesses less energy than those produced from EI. In Chemical ionization the molecules to be studied are mixed with an ionized carrier gas which is present in excess. Common carrier gases for CI include ammonia, methane, isobutene and methanol. The selection of the carrier gas depends on the degree of ion fragmentation required. Different carrier gases produce different mass spectra plots. The main advantage of CI is its softer approach lending to clearer results over EI for some samples. Other advantages include the relatively cheap and strong hardware as with EI. The main drawback of using chemi cal ionization in mass spectrometry is the fact that like electron ionization the sample must be readily vaporised in order for the molecules to gain that vital charge. This immediately dismisses the use of high molecular weight compounds and biomolecules [3]. It’s obvious therefore that CI and EI are very similar methods of ionization and due to this many of the modern day mass spectrometers can switch between these two methods effortlessly. Electrospray Ionization (ESI): is a type of atmospheric pressure ionization. This technique is very useful for studying the high biomolecular weight molecules and other samples which may not be very volatile as discussed above. The sample to be investigated is sprayed through a fine capillary which has a charge on its surface, the sample then enters the ionization chamber resulting in the production of multiple charged ions along with single charged ions. This formation of multiple charged ions is very useful in the mass spectrometry analysis of proteins [3]. It is important to note that negative ions may also be formed in ESI and the operation may need to be reversed. ESI has become much more common over the last few years as it relies on a sample in solution which permits its use in LC-MS [5]. Thermospray Ionization (TSI) is closely related to ESI differing only in the fact that it relies on a heated capillary rather than a charged capillary; however ESI remains the more popular of the two methods. Atmospheric-pressure chemical Ionization (APCI): It is obvious form the title that APCI is also a form of atmospheric pressure ionization resulting in a similar interface being used for both methods. This method was born in the 1970’s when it was first combined with liquid chromatography (LC) by Horning et al [6] who conveyed a new atmospheric ion source which used 63Ni beta emission in order to produce the required ions. Even tough APCI and ESI are harmonizing methods the main advantage APCI has over ESI is that it is more effective at determining the mass spectra for less polar compounds due to the reality that the gas phase ionization is more effective in APCI. Many MS instruments are now readily available with high mass resolution and accurate mass measurement, properties which are not as readily available with GC-MS instruments. Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB): this type of ionization method is primarily used for large polar molecules. The sample to be studied is usually dissolved in a liquid matrix which is non-volatile and polar such as glycerol. This sample is then bombarded with a fast atom beam such as Xe atoms which picks up electrons thus causing ionization from this reaction. This is a simple and fast method to use and is very good for high-resolution measurements. On the downside however it may be hard to compare low molecular weight compounds from the chemical back ground which is always high [5]. Desorption Chemical Ionization (DCI), Negative-ion chemical ionization (NCI), Field Ionization (FI) and Ion Evaporation are other less common ionization methods used in mass spectrometry. 3. Mass Analysers: As described earlier the mass analyzers are used to separate the various ions according to their mass to charge ratio (m/z) and hence focus the ions with the desirable m/z value towards the detector. Some of the mass analyzers available include; Double-Focusing Mass Analyzers, Quadrupole Mass Analyzers, Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzers and Ion Trap Mass Analyzers. Double-Focusing Mass Analyzers are used when a high resolution is of paramount importance. This high resolution is achieved by modifying the basic magnetic design. The beam of ions passes through an electrostatic analyser before or after the magnetic field causing the particles to travel at the same velocity resulting in the resolution of the mass analyzer increasing dramatically. Resolution may be varied by using narrower slits before the detector. It is important to note that this type of analyzer reduces sensitivity but increases accuracy resulting in a fine line between success and failure with regards to detection, for this reason this type of mass analyzer is only used for very selective purposes. Quadrupole Mass Analyzers do not make use of magnetic forces for mass detection; instead they are composed of four solid rods arranged parallel to the direction of the ion beam. Using a combination of direct-current and radiofrequency the quadrupole separates the various ions according to their mass extremely quickly. Quadrupole mass analyzers are most on most GC-MS instruments. Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzers (TOF) operate by measuring the time taken for an ion which has been produced to travel for the ion source to the detector [7]. This is based on the simple assumption that the lighter ions will have a greater velocity and thus will strike the detector first. This type of analyzer has become more and more common in recent years due to the fact that the electronics used in this analyzer have become much more affordable since it was first introduced in the 1940’s. In recent years the resolution and sensitivity of TOF have been increased by the insertation of a reflective plate within the flight tube itself [8]. The main area that this type of analyzer is used is in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) discussed later. The Ion Trap Mass Analyzer is composed of two hyperbolic end cap electrodes and a doughnut shaped ring electrode [7]. It is very similar to the quadrupole analyzer in resolution terms and basics however the ion trap is more sensitive. 4. The Mass Spectra: The main interest that anybody has from the mass spectra is the molecular weight of the sample that was processed. The value of m/z at which the molecular ion (M+) appears on the mass spectrum tell us the molecular weight of the original molecule. The most saturated ion formed from the ionization provides us with the tallest peak in the spectra know as the base peak (Figure 1.2). From this information the determination of very exact molecular weights of substances may be deduced which is probably the most important application of mass spectrometers. This determination also allows use to distinguish between different substances with a very similar molecular mass which we are unable to do ourselves. For example; the molecule C14H14 has a molecular mass of 182.1096 and the molecule C12H10N2 has a molecular mass of 182.0844. These two molecules may only be differentiated by MS as there is only 0.0252 in the difference even tough they are two completely different molecules. The type of MS instrument used in this case is a Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer as discussed briefly above which is capable of providing measurements accurate to 0.0001 atomic mass units. The chance of two compounds having the exact same mass spectra is very unlikely and therefore it is possible to identify an unknown compound by comparing its mass spectra obtained with that of a known library of mass spectra for various compounds. 5. Mass Spectrometry in Synergy with other Techniques: Through the years mass spectrometers have evolved to be used not just on their own but used in tandem with a range of other analytic techniques such as Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in purity assessment and investigating rat urine, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and measurement of illicit drugs in biological fluids. It is LC-MS that has become the gold standard for detection and analyzation of substances. Gas chromatography works particularly well with mass spectrometry too, due to the face that the sample is already in its gaseous form at the interface. This system has been used by De Martinis and Barnes [9] in the detection of drugs in sweat using a quadrupole mass spectrometer which has been discussed earlier. The ability to identify metabolites in the biological fluids mentioned above can be very difficult and this is due to the fact that these metabolites are present in extremely low concentrations such as parts per mill ion (ppm) or even less in some situations. For many years Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to identify these metabolites but in recent times it would appear that mass spectrometry has become the more popular method for detection of the metabolite. This may be due to the fact that MS is more sensitive than NMR resulting in less sample amount being required. 6. Advances in Mass Spectrometry Instruments and their Limitations: As mentioned briefly above it is very difficult to study large biomolecules such as proteins due to the fact that they are large polar molecules which are not volatile and as a result are difficult to convert to a gaseous state in order to undergo ionization. In recent years a solution to this problem has been accomplished with the introduction of Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI). MALDI is a laser based soft ionization method which relies on the sample being dissolved in a solution containing an excess of matrix such as sinapinic acid which has a chromophore that absorbs at the laser wavelength, the sample is placed in the path of high intensity protons causing a collision of the atoms with the sample resulting in ionization of the sample molecules causing them to be ejected from the matrix. One of the main advantages of MALDI-MS is that only a very tiny amount of sample is required (1 X 10-5 moles) [3]. This technique has proven to be one of the most successful ionization methods for mass spectrometry analysis of large molecules due to its soft ionization ability. This technique has been used in the drug-biomolecule complexes in order to investigate the interaction properties and sites of biomolecules with various drugs on the market today [10]. This method was also used by Zschorning et al. to investigate the extracts of human lipoproteins after treatment wi th cholesterol esterase’s [11]. This method although very popular suffers some drawbacks. There is a strong dependence on the sample preparation method and any mistake made during sample preparation or any contamination introduced into the matrix during the sample preparation renders the rest of the investigation pointless. Another draw back of this method is the short sample life although some research has been undertaken [12] with the use of liquid matrices in the belief that this may increase the sample life by making use of the self-healing properties of the sample through molecular diffusion. One obvious drawback that may occur is the fact that the sample may not be soluble and hence may not dissolve in the matrix. This problem may be overcome with the use of compression of a finely ground sample and analyte [13]. Another disadvantage which may become of detrimental in the future is the fact that MALDI is not easily compatible with LC-MS, this problem may have to be rectified id the popularity of MALDI is to c ontinue. Electrospray Ionization (ESI) has been described in detail under the methods of ionization section above and it can be seen that this young technique is proving to be very useful with LC-MS to investigate the a variety of molecules including proteins, DNA and synthetic polymers. The main problem with ESI-MS is that the mass spectra produced may contain many peaks of multiply charged ions which may cause confusion in the interpretation of spectra of some samples. The ESI instrument itself can also present with decreased sensitivity due to the presence of impurities such as salts and buffers, this is not the case with MALDI. Although both MALDI and ESI are both very effective methods of developing mass spectra for large molecules such as proteins, MALDI still remains the method of choice for most analyses. However, as discussed above the fact that MALDI is not very compatible with LC-MS may pave the way for a surge in popularity of the LC-MS friendly ESI. 7. The Future of Mass Spectrometry: Mass spectrometry has come along way since 1897 when Joseph J. Thompson used an early mass spectrometer to discover the electron and there is no reason why the mass spectrometer will continue to advance and evolve into the foreseeable future. The mass spectrometer is an extremely versatile analytical tool which can work in tandem and alongside other analytical methods such as chromatography seamlessly. The main areas in which mass spectrometers have been used for quantification of compounds are LC-MS and GC-MS using the various ionization methods respectively. LC-MS is the gold standard in quantitative bioanalyses and is used by the majority pharmaceutical companies. The other minority tend to use other techniques such as High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV as they deem LC-MS to be too expensive. An area of mass spectrometry to watch out for in the future is the use of ion-trap technology to perform LC-MS-MS to LC-MS [7]. This method already exists but reliable routine bioanalytical assays have not been produced as of yet. References: [1]  Ã‚   molecularstation.com/molecular-biology-images/506-molecular-biology-pictures/21-mass-spectrometer.html [2]  Ã‚   Daniel C. Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, sixth edition (2003) published by W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. [3]  Ã‚   Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz and James R. Vyvyan: Introduction to Spectroscopy, fourth edition, published by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learing. [4]  Ã‚   www.research.uky.edu/ukmsf/whatis.html [5]  Ã‚   Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry [6]  Ã‚   Horning, E.C., Caroll, D.J., Dzidic, I., Haegele, K.D., Horning, M.G., and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stillwell,R.N. (1974). Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry. Solvent-mediated ionization of samples introduced in solution and in a liquid chromatograph effluent stream,   J. Chromatography. Sci, 12, (11), 725-729 [7]  Ã‚   RF Venn (Ed) (2000) Principles and practice of Bioanalysis Taylor and Francis. [8]  Ã‚   Ashcroft, A.E. (1997) Ionisation Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry, Cambridge,   UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. [9]  Ã‚   asms.org/whatisms/p1.html: The American Society of Mass Spectrometry [10]  Ã‚   Skelton, R., Dubols, F., Zenobl, R. Analytical Chemistry (2000), 72, 1707-1710 [11]  Ã‚   Zschornig, Markus Pietsch, Roesmarie SuB., Jurgen Schiller and Michael Gutschow. Cholesterol esterase action on human high density lipoproteins and inhibition studies: detection by MALDI-TOF MS.    [12]  Ã‚   Zenobi, R, Knochenmuss, R. Mass Spectrom, Rev. 1999, 17, 337-366.

LITTLE Surname Meaning and Origin

LITTLE Surname Meaning and Origin Little is a common  descriptive  surname often bestowed on someone who was of short or petite stature,  from the Middle English littel  and  Old English lytel, meaning little. In some cases the surname may have been used to denote the younger of two men of the same name.  KLEIN is the German variant and PETIT the French variant. Alternate Surname Spellings:  LITTLE, LITEL, LITTELL, LITTLE, LYTEL, LYTELL, LYTTELLE, LITTELLE, LYTLE, LYTTLE Surname Origin: English   Where in the World Do People with the LITTLE Surname Live? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, Little is a fairly common surname in most English-speaking countries, including the United States (where it ranks 276th), New Zealand (243rd), Australia (262nd), Scotland (256th), England (331st) and Canada (357th). Within England, Little is most common in the northern counties, especially Cumberland where it is the 11th most common last name. WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates that in the United Kingdom,  Little is  most common in Cumbria County, England; Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland; and  Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Within North America, Little is especially common in Nova Scotia, as well as the U.S. states of North Carolina and Mississippi.   Famous People with the LITTLE Last Name Lewis Henry Little - American  Civil War Confederate brigadier generalMalcolm Little - birth name of Malcolm X, African-American human rights activist  Arthur Dehon Little - American chemical engineerJean Little - Canadian writer Genealogy Resources for the Surname LITTLE Little Surname DNA ProjectThis DNA project was started in 2001 and has grown to include over 300 members with the surnames Little, Klein, Kline, or Cline interested in working collaboratively to combine genealogy research with DNA testing to sort out Little family lines. English Surname Meanings and OriginsUncover the meaning of your English last name with this guide to English surname meanings and origins. How to Research English  AncestryLearn how to research your English family tree with this guide to genealogical records in England and Wales, including birth, marriage, death, census, military and church records. Little Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Little  family crest or coat of arms for the Little surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   LITTLE  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Little surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Little genealogy query. FamilySearch - LITTLE GenealogyExplore over 2.7 million  historical records which mention individuals with the Little surname, as well as online Little family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Little  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Little surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. DistantCousin.com - LITTLE  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Little. The Little  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Little  from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Dell Boy Computers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dell Boy Computers - Case Study Example (Whitehead, 1997) Dell Boy Computers relies on its brand name, the promise of support and its massive market presence to balance higher costs. As Dell Boy Computer Company is selling into an increasingly sophisticated and price-sensitive marketplace, it needs to do forward integration to market its profitable high-end computer products. To fortify its profit generating objective, Dell Boy goes into real estate development by creating apt settings for human activity that are in harmony with the environment and providing distribution services for its suppliers and customers. The top management of Dell Boy is restructuring the organization around common capabilities to achieve better strategic focus. The Company will renew profits and growth by focusing resources and management attention on three key areas: a.)Increase the volume and value of the market share in computer products through forward integration consisting of special warehouse services and an excellent service delivery platform; b.) Expand profit and revenue growth in personal computers by promoting aggressive and consistent marketing and promotional activities; and c.) focus on new business in the existing demand from the educational segment and in the small business and home personal computers segment.The company needs to be more selective about its property purchase as location is an important consideration for this project. The company can construct a big commercial lease building which can house its distribution operations and it can also be rented out to other commercial tenants.Through forward integration, Dell Boy Company will achieve important cost synergies, eliminate redundant management layers, and decrease other ancillary operating expenses including discretionary spending, which are expected to result in annual cost savings for the company. As Dell Boy Computer Company integrates forward into real estate, warehousing and distribution, the company needs to understand the benefits, and the development process this development entails. Property development for computer companies requires a clear perspective of public administration, physical planning, municipal regulation, market research, legal system, site appraisal, economic evaluation and assessment, financial contracts, contractual and bidding procedures, building design, construction designs, and marketing strategy aspects. The crucial costs of time, quality, and asset value are seriously considered. (Ratcliffe, et. al., 2003) The other leading computer companies such as Red Fox USA and Toshiba had relied on indirect distribution channels such as various retail stores and large shopping malls while Apple Computers, markets its products directly to the end users. For instance, Kwantinetz stated that Compaq's traditional sales and distribution technique covers a total of 90-day period for building, transporting, inventorying and setting the cost value of its manufactured goods to its existing indirect distribution channels. This very long lead time has added a tremendous 6 percent to Compaq's cost of business operations. To enable

Companies Conflict Resolution in Focus group Essay

Companies Conflict Resolution in Focus group - Essay Example External conflicts comprise of situations and issues seemingly created by others and which threaten personal and professional goals and desires of a person. It is often observed that poor communication among the workers and administrators lead to conflicting situations. â€Å"If resolution to a conflict is to end properly, it must begin properly – by negotiating a solvable problem. Therefore, the act of successful conflict resolution begins with the way the problem is examined† (Erickson). Thus, the best way to tackle workplace conflicts is to provide a neutral platform to the involved parties and thrash out the differences with a mediator with clear intention of solving it. The mediator is a person who facilitates easy communication between two warring groups or individuals with a well planned strategy. These facilitators are experts who specialize in human psychology with good listening power. They are assertive without being aggressive and confront the problems with an open mind which inspires confidence of the individuals involved. They provide an atmosphere that eases tension among the participants and promotes a proactive session where people can put forward their opinions without the threat of a backlash. These mediators often believe in forming focus groups of individuals followed by an interactive session among the group members with the facilitator subtly guiding the group towards resolution of the dispute or conflict and help generate as many different ideas and opinions as possible within a given time schedule. The mediators or moderators are helped by assistant moderator who takes notes and runs the recording of the discussion. Focus group is characterized by its homogeneity with relatively small number of people (normally from 8 to 12 persons) each of who are encouraged to voice their opinions. Main objective of the formation of the group is to go deep into the problem and

Theories of Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Philosophy - Essay Example In this theory, Hume proposes that some of the questions that philosophers asked did not have any absolute answers; meaning that they could not have a logical proof or be proved through reasoning only. Hume mentioned that either, the individual’s empirical experience of existence or their choice of axioms could influence the knowledge of reality. I perceive Hume’s theory help to make a construct of reality by establishing that since we cannot conclusively pinpoint a common stand on reality through reasoning, then there are factors that influences an individual’s perception of reality; that is experience and axioms. The philosophical concept of ethics draws a perspective of what is good or bad in the society in aid to help in drawing an understanding of disputes that encompass moral diversity. Philosophers have advanced various theories in an attempt to describe a morality. I think the Aristotelianism (Virtue ethics) is the best theory that helps describe moral ethics. It observes that a morally right action is one that a virtuous agent would do under the same circumstances. This means that the individual executing an act will do it in a virtuous manner. The Aristotle’s moral theory is the most appropriate because it is focused on promoting virtues irrespective of the prevailing circumstances. This theory is appropriate because it helps an individual point out some of the habits they ought to exhibit based on the need to be virtuous. In addition, in an attempt to be virtuous an individual endeavors to be the best they can be while also ensuring that they do not infringe on the rights of others. In other words, they execute every deed with virtue. Freedom encompasses the free will by people to do whatever they want. It entails the aspect of unpredictable future since there is the leeway to do whatever an individual wants. On the other hand, determinism observes that every event or deed in life can be predicted and it

Computer Task Group, Inc vs Brotby Essay Example for Free

Computer Task Group, Inc vs Brotby Essay In 1995 William Brotby was hired by Computer Task Group, Inc. (CTG) as an information technologies consultant. Upon hiring, Brotby had to sign an agreement stating that he would be restricted to work for any CTG customers if he left the company. No more than two years later, Brotby left CTG and began to work for one of CTG’s customers known as Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. CTG, plaintiff, filed a suit against Brotby, defendant, in a federal district court alleging breach of contract. During the production of discovery, Brotby refused to fully respond to CTG’s interrogatories, never gave truthful answers, filed unwarranted motions, made flimsy objections, and never disclosed all of the information that CTG sought. Brotby was fined twice by the court and was issued five separate orders ordering him to cooperate. Because of Brothby’s continuous refusal to cooperate, CTG eventually filed a motion to enter default judgment against him in 1999. The court granted the motion; however, Brotby appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Is continuous refusal of the defendant to produce discovery enough to warrant a default judgment by a federal district court? The federal district court granted CTG’s motion to enter a default judgment. The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the judgment of the lower court. Therefore, the appellate court held that â€Å"in light of Brotby’s horrible record of discovery abuses† and his â€Å"abiding contempt and continuing disregard for the court’s orders,† the lower court properly exercised its discretion in entering a default judgment against the defendant. The Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37 allows the district court to enter a default judgment against a party who fails to comply with an order demanding discovery. In addition, the district court must weigh five factors in order to appropriately decide if a sanction of default for noncompliance with discovery is grounds for dismissal. These five factors are: â€Å"(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage its ocket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the opposing party; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions. † When a court order is violated, the first and second factors will favor sanctions whereas the fourth will challenge the order. With regards to the first factor, Brotby’s actions were deliberate; he intended his actions to be as they were. Moreover, in determining whether abolishing sanctions are appropriate in Brotby’s case is reliant on the third and fifth factors. Brotby violated court orders by failing to produce sufficient and factual documents, and by failing to pay one of the fines. These deceitful tactics delayed the litigation process while burdening the court, and prejudiced CTG. Brotby failed to produce documents ordered by the court, and most of what he did submit came after discovery. The withholding of important information and the time delay is sufficient prejudice towards CTG. There are three factors considered in deciding whether the district court adequately considered lesser sanctions: â€Å"(1) explicitly discussed the alternative of lesser sanctions and explained why it would be inappropriate; (2) implemented lesser sanctions before ordering the case dismissed; and (3) warned the offending party of the possibility of dismissal. † The district court judge appropriately considered the alternative of lesser sanctions by ordering Brotby to comply with CTG’s discovery request five times and imposing two lesser sanctions against him. However, Brotby never responded and therefore it is appropriate to discard lesser sanctions if the court anticipates continuous false misconduct. Brotby also had continuous awareness that his unwillingness to cooperate would eventually result in a default judgment against him; the judge warned him to â€Å"stop playing games† if he wanted to stay in the game. Therefore, the two monetary sanctions, five orders ordering him to cooperate, and repeated warnings proved enough notice that Brotby’s continued failure to comply would result in default.

Deviance :: essays research papers

Being labeled and institutionalized as a social deviant proves to be stigmatizing in life. In Dina Temple-Rastons A Death in Texas, she chronicles the murder of James Byrd Jr. in Jasper, Texas during the summer of 1998. The author suggests in Chapters 1-4 that suspected murder Billy King is more than a case study of abnormal psychology and that his actions may be explained as a career criminal who has been marginalized by society. While most authors fixate on the psychology within killers, she also includes the town’s historical background and the social context in which the murder took place. Sociologist, Kai Erikson would applaud his style as he postulates that deviant behavior becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Erikson states that once a person commits an act, they are labeled and treated as deviant and they have little opportunity to act any differently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy King was labeled and treated as a deviant this maltreatment had the greatest influence on King. On page 44 of the text, Kylies mother refers to King as â€Å"an ex-con† and does not want her daughter to hang around with someone â€Å"like that.† When labeled as a deviant, people are suspicious of you and begin treating you with a lack of respect and see you as different. Even though â€Å"he had kept his nose clear, Sheriff Rowles made a mental note when he saw the picture of Bill King† (Pg. 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prison where Bill King was remanded was at the end of a wooded road and hidden behind shabby homes and a trailer park. Billy was a man of small stature and had to act with bravado to not be injured while in prison. He was jammed into a facility with â€Å"3,00 young toughs† (pg 70) who â€Å"wielded a lethal combination of intimidation and one upmanship.† The men were segregated and survived by making (like) racial alliances. King was called a peckerwoods – he would fight but he was not tough enough to fit into the prisons many gangs for protection† (pg 71). The author suggests that Kings nose was broken and that he may have been sodomized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On page 77, the author states that Billy was the adored center of a dysfunctional family and that his step-mother may not of held him accountable for his actions. It may be that Billy felt traumatized by his real mother abandoning him and it put him â€Å"off stride for life† (pg 77).

Environmental Impacts of a Cement Plant Unit

Decision The building activities will ensue in minimal loss of flora and surface soil in the works country. Maximum possible extent tree cutting would be avoided. No important inauspicious impact on the dirt in the encompassing country is anticipated. During building stage, dust will be the chief pollutant, which would be generated from the site development activities and vehicular motion on the route. The impact of such activities would be confined within the undertaking boundary and restricted to the building stage. To extenuate these impacts regular scattering of H2O will be done at the building site. The attack roads will be black carpeted and vehicles will be kept in good order to minimise car fumes. The coevals of domestic sewerage discharge from labour settlements and lavation of building stuffs stockpiled and concrete batching works will hold some impact on surface H2O and to a smaller grade on groundwater. To turn to possible impacts on H2O quality, disinfected latrines ( with regular liming ) will be used as chief constituent of the sanitation system.Construction procedure would include fiction of steel constructions, concrete and related H2O use. The possible impact is considered minor as it will be largely happening during building period and will hold no long term impact with position to relentless pollution. The overall impact on H2O environment during building stage due to the cement works would be of short term continuance and insignificant. The major beginnings of noise during the building stage are vehicular traffic, building equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete misers, Cranes generators, pumps, compressors, stone drills, pneumatic tools, proverbs, vibrators etc.the operation of these equipment will bring forth noise runing between 70-85 dubnium ( A ) . The noise produced during the building will hold important impact on the bing ambient noise degrees. The major work will be carried out during the daylight. Most of the land identified for the bing undertaking contains bare land with limited figure of trees. Trees will be cut merely if required and as per functional demand. The remotion of flora from the dirt and relaxation of the surface soil by and large causes dirt eroding. However such impacts will be confined to the works site and will be minimized through pavement and H2O scattering. Therefore no major loss of biomass is envisaged during building stage. The non workers in the constitute more than 60 % of the entire population in 10 kilometers radius survey area.This indicates the handiness of ample work force required for the building activity in the vicinity. The works will supply either direct or indirect occupation chances to the local population every bit far as possible. There will be some migration of labour force from outside the survey country during building stage, which may set some force per unit area on the local colonies and resources. So the demographic impact is envisaged to be fringy and impermanent in nature. However, the flow of work forces, money and stuff will impact the socio-economic position of the people in the country. The positive impact may be the addition of employment chances for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. Ancillary development such as stores, hotels and other allied services will besides open up avenues for employment. The subsequent betterment in the position of the people will besides assist in increasing the wellness and instruction position of the people. Diseases matching to labour influex and their impact on local community will be regulary monitored. Health position monitoring of labors and its environing population shall be carried out with the nomadic wellness attention installations. During building of any big undertaking, there is ever opportunity of traffic congestion on nearby roads due to heavy vehicular motion. However it was observed that the route web next to the cement works has medium traffic and have a mix of fast moving and decelerate traveling traffic. Thus add-on of the awaited vehicles during building stage will non hold much impact on the traffic scenario. Literand demand for the cement works is 120.626 hour angle, which is already in ownership of the company. With execution of the works, the land usage at the site will be for good changed to industrial class. Impacts on dirts will be restricted during building stage, which will acquire stabilized during operational stage. The impact on the top dirt will be confined to the chief works country. The air borne fleeting dust from the works is likely to be deposited on the surface soil in immediate locality of the works boundary. However, the fleeting emanation are likely to be controlled to a great extent through control steps such as H2O sprinkler systems and dust extraction and dust suppression systems shall be installed. All the solid waste generated will be to the full re-used either in the procedure or in accessory activities ; therefore no impact of solid waste is envisaged on dirt quality of the country. Adequate stack highs have been provided to scatter gaseous emanations over a broad country. In order to command emanations of particulates adequate control equipment are installed.Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by utilizing land degree concentration at a distance of 1.0 kilometers on southeast way. The impact on air quality is assessed based on emanation of the cement works. Particulate affair will be the of import pollutant breathing from the cement works, the maximal attendant land degree concentration that the maximal short term 24 hourly land degree concentrations for PM, SO2and NOx during normal operations of the works composite are likely to be 2.48 & A ; micro ; g/m3, 12.85 & A ; micro ; g/m3and 9.75 & A ; micro ; g/m3 severally occuruing at a distance of 1.0 to 1.5 kilometers during station monsoon season. Fleeting dust emanations from the bing works would be important as there will be air pollution due to activities like conveyance of limestone, coal handling, cinder handling, and oppressing unit and by and large due to the motion of vehicles on the roads. The limestone conveyance is being carried out by covered conveyer system from the limestone crusher unit to the works, therefore fleeting dust in non envisaged. Number of smaller sized bag dust collectors/bagfilters for de-dusting at tasfer points and other fleeting dust emanation countries are installed. Hence the impact due to fleeting emissuions would be undistinguished. All the internal roads within the works premises will be metalled ; hence dust originating from the internal roads will be in important. The greenway and regular H2O sprinking will foster aid decrease in fleeting emanations. The bing cement works contains figure of points of heavy equipment such as fans, engines, generators and cement grinding works. There will be associated route or rail traffic including truck motion and loading equipment. Consequently cement fabrication is likely to bring forth noise and quiver. Noise and quiver is greater from heavy truck traffic associated with quarry operations and conveyance of natural stuffs and finished merchandise. The chief noise bring forthing beginnings from the cement works will be crushers, ball Millss, ice chest fans, pumps, compressors, turbines along with chilling tower and boilers. The noise degrees at the beginning for these units will be maintasined below 85 dubnium ( A ) . Hazardous waste in the signifier of used and godforsaken oil is generated from autoworkshop, different subdivision of cement works. No risky waste will be generated either in the procedure or pollution control equipment installations. There is no solid waste generated from the cement works. All the dust collected in air pollution control equipment ( APCEs ) will automatically be recycled into the procedure. Flyash use will be as per MoEF flyash use presentment. Flyash will be 100 % for production of pozzolona cement devising by the cement works. Solid waste in the signifier of sludge is generated from the sewerage intervention works. The waste will be used for maintain the assorted lequire suspended solids ( MLSS ) in the activated sludge procedure of STP and the balance waste is used as manure for greenway development. Since the unit will be runing on zero discharge procedure, no inauspicious impact on surface H2O organic structures is envisaged. The works drainage system will be ap propriately designed such that the storm H2O does non transport any pollutants. The impact from the air emanation is non expected to be important since the stack tallness design and the atmosphereic conditions are such that the ambient air quality at present every bit good as in hereafter after the present installation will be within the prescribed ambient air quality bounds set Forth by CPCB. Comprehensive control steps have been incorporated as elaborated under Environment direction program ( EMP ) . The discharge of waste stuffs ( stack emanation, waste H2O and solid wastes ) from works operations potentially could hold impact on public safety ad wellness if proper extenuation steps are non taken. The impact from the discharge of waste merchandises is non expected to be important since, the inauspicious impacts on ambient air, H2O and dirt quality are predicted to be low. It is predicted that the impacts on public safety will be really low, due to the effectuive safety system and safety direction available in the works. Overall, the impact on public safety and wellness from the cement works activities are likely to be undistinguished. Govindgarh modesty wood is 0.2 km north-northeast waies 10 kilometers radius survey country. But there are no ecologically sensitive countries like wildlife sanctuaries within 10 kilometers radius from the works and besides no migration path to avi zoology is observed or recorded in the survey country. Son gharihal sanctuary is located at a distance of 9.0 kilometer towards south east direction.similarlly as per the wood section, no endangered or rare species of vegetations and zoologies are reported or observed in the survey country. Development of a thick greenway and besides application of limestone injection in AFBC ( Atmosphric fluidized bed burning ) boilers, transit of stuff through closed conveyer system still further cut down of pollution tonss in the environing countries and contain the negative impact on wood and tellurian ecology. Hence the impacts on the tellurian ecology will be undistinguished. The wastewaters are non envisaged to be discharged into any watercourses. Hence no impact is envisaged from the bing works on aquatic organic structures. The impacts on the ecology will be due to the incremental gaseous concentrations and noise generated during operation of the bing power works. The demand of unskilled work force will be met from nearby small towns during building and operation stage. The works will besides assist in coevals of indirect employment apart from direct employment. This will be a positive socio-economic development for the part. There will be a general upliftment of criterion of life in the part. The discharge of waste stuffs ( stack emanation, effluent and solid wastes ) from procedure operations is expected to be undistinguished and may non hold possible impact on public safety and wellness. The inauspicious impacts on ambient air and dirt quality are predicted to be undistinguished. Primary wellness study was carried out to measure the wellness position of the people in the survey country in the small towns of Majhigawan, Sarda, Jurmani, Hinauti and Gorhatola small towns which are autumn in 2 kilometers radius from mines lease boundary. The survey reveals that in general the country is prone to malaria in monsoon season and icterus before and after monsoon season. Therefore is no disease form which can be attributable to any industrial pollution. The incidence of any lungs related wellness upset are chiefly due to the wonts such as smoke. The cement works unit together with confined power works will ensue in betterment of substructure every bit good as upliftment of societal construction in the surrounding small towns. The people shacking in the nearby countries will be benefited indirectly. The major benefit due to the cement works will be in the domain of bring forthing impermanent employment for significant figure of forces. During the enlargement of building stage about 1000 people on an norm will be employed. The work force during operational period is estimated to be about 350 individuals. Employment will be provided to eligible undertaking affected individuals both during building and operational stage. Impermanent employment for people from the adjacent small towns during building stage. The instruction and substructure installations such as development of ply land for childrens, noon repasts, computing machine preparation for the children/youth of weaker subdivision, scholarship for pupils of college/ITI, upg radation/renovation of bing schools, H2O supply, furniture, computing machines, library, books, school bags, athleticss kits, healthful installations etc. will be provided. Supplying primary wellness centres and ambulance installation. Conduction of vaccination/immunization programmes including infantile paralysis cantonments, oculus cantonments and medical assistance, reding and rehabilitation installations for drug addicts.Assistance/encouragement to self aid groups and income coevals strategies. Community development activies such as building of new community/panchayat halls. Provision of solar energy to community/panchyat edifice. Rennovation and modernisation of bing community/panchyat halls. The budget estimated under CSR activies is about Rs. 55 crores as on one clip capital outgo and Rs. 11 crores as repeating outgo per annum for 10 old ages.